PPlot, a webapp to partition geochemical data and isolate mixed subpopulations using probability plot modeling

Francisco Ferreira de Campos — 2023-09-10

Statistical methods are mostly designed to handle datasets comprising statistically single normal or log-normal populations, but geochemical and geophysical surveys usually deviate from this expectation. A reason for this is the heterogeneity in the occurrence of geological objects, so the complete dataset may correspond to multiple mixed subpopulations. Specifically, multiple mixed subpopulations can refer to differences between mineralized and barren areas, different geochemical facies of a geological unit, or contaminated and healthy areas. This implies a restriction on using classical or even robust statistical estimates, unless the underlying subpopulations can be extracted from the dataset. The probability plot can be used to assess a dataset and to infer a possible combination of subpopulations, either normal or log-normal, whose combination may generate it. The web-based app PPlot, presented in this paper, allows the plotting of the probability plot of a dataset and modeling the underlying subpopulations present in it, either automatically or manually. After modeling the dataset by the application, the user will obtain numerical results and plots of the range of values that delimit each subpopulation, as well as the mean and standard deviation for each of them. Computer-generated and real datasets were used to validate the procedure and coding, and an example of usage is presented. The app was developed using HTML5 and JavaScript and it runs in any modern browser, and is freely available in https://pplotweb.firebaseapp.com/.

Presence and quantification of the microplastics and bisphenol-A in sediments along the Guanabara Bay, Brazil

Ana Dalva de Oliveira Santos — 2023-06-05

Microplastics (MP) and endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol-A (BPA) have both become significant environmental concerns worldwide, although assessments in estuarine environments are still scarce. In this regard, Guanabara Bay is one of the most important Brazilian estuarine systems, displaying significant economic and environmental relevance, although it has suffered increasing anthropogenic effects for decades. Thus, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of both MP and BPA in the sediments of this estuarine system though stereomicroscope identification and high-performance liquid chromatography. Both pollutants were detected in all sediment samples. A total of 3 to 11 MP particles (<5 mm) per 50 cm² were detected, higher than in other studies worldwide. MPs were categorized as fibers and fragments, mostly green, possibly from fisher rope and net degradation. BPA ranged from 0.36 to 19.75 ng g^-1, higher near Governador Island and the Rio de Janeiro harbor. Potential correlations between MPs and BPA, however, could not be determined. Both MP and BPA represent significant environmental concerns in the already highly impacted Guanabara Bay estuarine system, and further assessments are paramount to understand potential ecotoxicological hazards associated to these pollutants.

Geochimica Brasiliensis

PPlot, a webapp to partition geochemical data and isolate mixed subpopulations using probability plot modeling

Presence and quantification of the microplastics and bisphenol-A in sediments along the Guanabara Bay, Brazil